The hydraulic drum brake system operates by converting the driver's mechanical input into frictional force to decelerate a vehicle, utilizing components such as the brake pedal, vacuum power brake booster, brake fluid pressure, brake master cylinder, brake shoes, drum brake, brake tube, brake piston, and slave cylinder.
When the driver depresses the brake pedal, the vacuum power brake booster amplifies the applied force, transferring it to the brake master cylinder, which generates brake fluid pressure by moving its piston within a sealed hydraulic system.
This pressurized fluid travels through brake tubes to the slave cylinder at each wheel, where brake pistons inside the slave cylinder expand outward due to the hydraulic pressure. The pistons then push the brake shoes—arc-shaped components with friction linings—against the inner surface of the drum brake, a rotating cylinder attached to the wheel.
The resulting friction between the brake shoes and the drum converts the vehicle's kinetic energy into heat, slowing down the wheels. When the brake pedal is released, the system pressure decreases, and return springs (implied) pull the brake shoes back from the drum, allowing free wheel rotation.
Each component works in tandem: the brake pedal initiates the process, the booster enhances force, the master cylinder creates hydraulic pressure, brake tubes transmit the pressure, the slave cylinder and brake pistons convert hydraulic force into mechanical motion, and the brake shoes and drum brake generate the frictional resistance needed for braking.
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